Which dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases?

The Mediterranean diet is widely recognized for its association with a lower risk of chronic diseases due to several key factors that characterize this dietary pattern. This diet emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, while also incorporating healthy fats, particularly olive oil. It is moderate in fish and poultry and low in red meat and processed foods.

Research has consistently shown that the Mediterranean diet is linked to a reduced incidence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. The high intake of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds from plant-based foods contributes to improved health outcomes by combating oxidative stress and inflammation, which are common contributors to chronic diseases. Moreover, the Mediterranean lifestyle also promotes physical activity and social interactions, further enhancing overall well-being and disease prevention.

In contrast, the Western diet is typically high in red and processed meats, sugary foods, and refined grains, all of which are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases. The Ketogenic diet, while effective for weight loss and certain health conditions, may not provide the same broad spectrum of health benefits as the Mediterranean diet. The Paleo diet, although it promotes whole foods, can vary widely in its adherence to nutritional quality, and does not consistently demonstrate the same level of protective