Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?

Insulin is the primary hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a critical role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after a meal, insulin is released into the bloodstream. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by the cells, particularly in muscle and adipose (fat) tissue, and to promote the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver. This action lowers blood sugar levels, preventing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

Moreover, insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver, further helping to regulate glucose levels. By promoting the usage and storage of glucose during periods of abundance, insulin is essential for preventing excessive amounts of glucose circulating in the blood. Maintaining balanced blood glucose levels is crucial for overall health, as fluctuations can lead to metabolic disorders.

The other hormones listed, while involved in glucose metabolism and regulation, have different primary functions. Glucagon, for instance, acts primarily to raise blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose stored as glycogen in the liver, especially during fasting states or between meals. Cortisol, a stress hormone, affects glucose metabolism as part of the body's response to stress,