Which nutrient is critical for the synthesis of collagen in the body?

Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen because it acts as a cofactor for the enzymes prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase, which are critical in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine amino acids in collagen. This hydroxylation process is vital for stabilizing the collagen triple helix structure, which in turn is necessary for collagen's strength and stability in connective tissues, skin, cartilage, bones, and blood vessels. Without adequate Vitamin C, the body cannot effectively produce collagen, leading to symptoms such as weakened connective tissues and potential disorders like scurvy, which is characterized by bleeding gums, joint pain, and impaired wound healing.

Other vitamins listed, while important for various bodily functions, do not play a direct role in collagen synthesis. Vitamin D mainly supports calcium absorption and bone health, Vitamin A is involved in vision and immune function, and Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. None of these fulfill the specific requirement for collagen production that Vitamin C does.